Sunglasses or sun glasses are a visual aid, variously
termed spectacles or glasses, which feature lenses that are
colored or darkened to prevent strong light from reaching
the eyes. In the early Twentieth century they were also
known as sun cheaters (or simply cheaters).
Many people find direct sunlight too bright to be
comfortable. During outdoor activities, the human eye can
receive more light than usual. Healthcare professionals
recommend eye protection whenever outside to protect the
eyes from ultraviolet radiation, which can lead to the
development of a cataract. Sunglasses have long been
associated with celebrities and film actors primarily from a
desire to hide or mask their identity. Since the 1940s
sunglasses have been popular as a fashion accessory,
especially on the beach.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Precursors
1.2 Modern developments
2 Uses
2.1 Visual clarity and comfort
2.2 Protection
2.3 Standards
3 Water sunglasses
4 Construction
4.1 Lens
4.2 Frames
4.3 Nose Bridge
5 Fashion
5.1 Oversized sunglasses
5.2 Onassis glasses
5.3 Mirrorshades
5.4 Aviators
5.5 Wayfarers
5.6 Teashades
5.7 Shutter Shades
5.8 Glacier Glasses
5.9 Faded/ Graduated Lenses
5.10 Fashion
6 Other names for sunglasses
7 Notes and references
8 External links
It is said that the Roman emperor Nero liked to watch
gladiator fights with emeralds. These, however, appear to
have worked rather like mirrors.[1] Flat panes of smoky
quartz which offered no corrective powers but did protect
the eyes from glare were used in China in the 12th century
or possibly earlier. Contemporary documents describe the use
of such crystals by judges in Chinese courts to conceal
their facial expressions while questioning witnesses.[2]
James Ayscough began experimenting with tinted lenses in
spectacles in the mid-18th century. These were not
"sunglasses" as such; Ayscough believed blue- or
green-tinted glass could correct for specific vision
impairments. Protection from the sun's rays was not a
concern of his.
Yellow/Amber and brown-tinted spectacles were also a
commonly-prescribed item for people with syphilis in the
19th and early 20th centuries because of the sensitivity to
light that was one of the symptoms of the disease.
Modern developments
In the early 1900s, the use of sunglasses started to become
more widespread, especially among the pioneering stars of
silent movies. It is commonly believed that this was to
avoid recognition by fans, but the real reason was they
often had perennially red eyes from the powerful arc lamps
that were needed due to the extremely slow speed film stocks
used[citation needed]. The stereotype persisted long after
improvements in film quality and the introduction of
ultraviolet filters had eliminated this problem. Inexpensive
mass-produced sunglasses were introduced to America by Sam
Foster in 1929. Foster found a ready market on the beaches
of Atlantic City, New Jersey, where he began selling
sunglasses under the name Foster Grant from a Woolworth on
the Boardwalk.
Sunglasses first became polarized in 1936, when Edwin H.
Land began experimenting with making lenses with his
patented Polaroid filter.
Hiding one's eyes has implications in face-to-face
communication: It can hide weeping, being one of the signs
of mourning, makes eye contact impossible which can be
intimidating, or can show detachment, which is considered
cool in some circles. Darkened sunglasses of particular
shapes may be in vogue as a fashion accessory. Note that
normal glasses are very rarely worn without a practical
purpose — curiously, they can project an image of uncool
nerdiness that sunglasses do not have. The impact on
nonverbal communication and the cool image are among the
reasons for wearing sunglasses by night or indoors. People
may also wear sunglasses to hide dilated or contracted
pupils or bloodshot eyes (which would reveal drug use),
recent physical abuse (such as a black eye), or to
compensate for increased photosensitivity. Fashion trends
are another reason for wearing sunglasses, particularly
designer sunglasses. Shutter Shades are a prime example of
sunglasses worn for fashion rather than functionality due to
trends in pop culture.
People with severe visual impairment, such as the blind,
often wear sunglasses in order to avoid making others
uncomfortable — not seeing eyes may be better than seeing
eyes which seem to look in the wrong direction. Those whose
eyes have an abnormal appearance (for example due to
cataract) or which jerk uncontrollably (nystagmus) may also
do so.
Visual clarity and comfort
Sunglasses can improve visual comfort and visual clarity by
protecting the eye from glare.[3] Various types of
disposable sunglasses are dispensed to patients after
receiving mydriatic eye drops during eye examinations.
Protection
Excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV) can cause
short-term and long-term ocular problems such as
photokeratitis, snow blindness, cataracts, pterygium, and
various forms of eye cancer.[4] Medical experts often advise
the public on the importance of wearing sunglasses to
protect the eyes from UV[4]. In the European Union, a CE
mark identifies glasses fulfilling quality regulations. In
the preparation for solar eclipses, health authorities often
warn against looking at the sun through sunglasses alone.
There is no demonstrated correlation between high prices and
increased UV protection. A 1995 study reported that
"Expensive brands and polarizing sunglasses do not guarantee
optimal UVA protection." [5] The Australian Competition and
Consumer Commission has also reported that "[c]onsumers
cannot rely on price as an indicator of quality".[6] One
survey cited below even found a $6.95 pair of generic
glasses with slightly better protection than Salvatore
Ferragamo shades.[7]
More recently, high-energy visible light (HEV) has been
implicated as a cause of age-related macular
degeneration[8][9], and some manufacturers design to block
it. Sunglasses may be especially important for children, as
their ocular lenses are thought to transmit far more HEV
light than adults (lenses "yellow" with age).
Some sunglasses also pass ANSI Z87.1 requirements for basic
impact and high impact protection. These are voluntary
standards, so not all sunglasses comply, nor are
manufacturers required to comply. In the basic impact test,
a 1 in (2.54 cm) steel ball is dropped on the lens from 50
in (127 cm). In the high velocity test, a 1/4 in (6.35mm)
steel ball is shot at the lens at 150 ft/s (45.72 m/s). In
both tests, no part of the lens can touch the eye.
Standards
There are three sunglass standards.[10]
The Australian Standard is AS 1067. The five sunglass
ratings under this standard are based on the amount of light
they absorb, 0 to 4, with “0” providing some protection from
UV radiation and sunglare, and “4” a high level of
protection.
The US standard is ANSI Z80.3-1972. According to the ANSI
Z80.3-2001 standard, the compliable lens should have a UVB
(280 to 315nm) transmittance of no more than one per cent
and a UVA (315 to 380nm) transmittance of no more than 0.5
times of the visual light transmittance
The European standard is EN 1836:2005. The four ratings are
0 for insufficient UV protection, 1 for sufficient UV
protection, 2 for good UV protection and 3 for full UV
protection.
Water sunglasses
Water sunglasses, also known as surfing sunglasses, surf
goggles and water eyewear consist of eyewear specially
adapted to be used in turbulent water, such as the surf.
Features normally available include
a) shatter proof & impact resistant lenses
b) strap or other fixing to keep glasses in place during
sporting activities
c) buoyancy to stop them from sinking should they be
displaced from the wearer
d) nose cushion
e) vent or other method to eliminate fogging
Many sports utilize these sunglasses including surfing,
windsurfing, kiteboarding, wakeboarding, kayaking, jet
skiing, Bodyboarding, and water skiing.
Construction
Lens
The colour of the lens can vary by style, fashion, and
purpose, but for general use, green, grey, yellow, or brown
is recommended to avoid or minimize color distortion which
would be dangerous when, for instance, driving a car. Gray
lenses are considered neutral because they do not enhance
contrast or distort colors. Brown and green lenses cause
some minimal color distortion, but have contrast-enhancing
properties. Red lenses are good for medium and lower light
conditions because they are good at enhancing contrast, but
cause significant color distortion. Orange and yellow lenses
have the best contrast enhancement at depth perception but
cause color distortion. Yellow lenses are commonly used by
golfers and shooters for its contrast enhancement and depth
perception properties. Blue or purple lenses offer no real
benefits and are mainly cosmetic. With the introduction of
office computing, ergonomists can recommend mildly tinted
glasses for display operators to increase contrast.[citation
needed] Clear lenses are used typically to protect the eyes
from impact, debris, dust, or chemicals. Some sunglasses
with interchangeable lens have optional clear lenses to
protect the eyes during low light or night time activities.
Debates exist as to whether "blue blocking" or amber tinted
lenses may have a protective effect.[11] Blue blocking
sunglasses typically also block some light of other colors
to function well in full sunlight. Some low blue glasses are
for use inside at night to avoid suppression of the sleep
promoting hormone melatonin.[citation needed] They provide
enough light so normal evening activities can continue.
Some models have polarized lenses, made of Polaroid
polarized plastic sheet, to reduce glare caused by light
reflected from polarizing surfaces such as water (see
Brewster's angle for how this works) as well as by polarized
diffuse sky radiation (skylight). This can be especially
useful when fishing, as the ability to see beneath the
surface of the water is crucial.
A mirrored coating can also be applied to the lens. This
mirrored coating reflects some of the light when it hits the
lens before it is transmitted through the lens making it
useful in bright conditions. These mirrored coatings can be
made any color by the manufacturer for styling and fashion
purposes. The color of the mirrored surface is irrelevant to
the color of the lens. For example, a gray lens can have a
blue mirror coating, and a brown lens can have a silver
coating. Sunglasses of this type are sometimes called
mirrorshades. A mirror does not get hot in the sunlight and
prevents scattering in the lens bulk.
Sunglass lenses are made from either glass or plastic.
Plastic lenses are typically made from acrylic,
polycarbonate, CR-39 or Polyurethane. Glass lenses have the
best optical clarity and scratch resistance, but are heavier
than plastic lenses. They can also shatter or break on
impact. Plastic lenses are lighter but are more prone to
scratching. Plastic offers more resistance to shattering
than glass. Polycarbonate plastic lenses are the lightest,
and are also almost shatterproof, making them good for
impact protection. CR-39 is the most common plastic lens,
due to their low weight, high scratch resistance, and low
transparency for ultraviolet and infrared radiation.
Any of the above features: color, polarization, gradation,
mirroring, and materials can be combined into the lens for a
pair of sunglasses. Gradated glasses are darker at the top
of the lens where the sky is viewed and transparent at the
bottom. Corrective lenses or glasses can be manufactured
with either tinting or darkened to serve as sunglasses. An
alternative is to use the corrective glasses with a
secondary lenses such as oversize sunglasses that fit over
the regular glasses, clip-on lens that are placed in front
of the glasses, and flip-up glasses which feature a dark
lens that can be flipped up when not in use. Photochromic
lens gradually darken in bright light.
Frames
Frames are generally made from plastic, nylon, a metal or
metal alloy. Nylon frames are usually used in sports because
they are light weight and flexible. They are able to bend
slightly and return to their original shape instead of
breaking when pressure is applied to them. This flex can
also help the glasses grip better on the wearer's face.
Metal frames are usually more rigid than nylon frames thus
they can be more easily damaged when participating in sporty
activities, but this is not to say that they cannot be used
for such activities. Because metal frames are more rigid,
some models have spring loaded hinges to help them grip the
wearer's face better. The end of the ear pieces and the
bridge over the nose can be textured or have a rubber or
plastic material to hold better. The end of the ear pieces
are usually curved so that they wrap around the ear;
however, some models have straight ear pieces. Oakley, for
example, has straight ear pieces on all their glasses.
Frames can be made to hold the lenses in several different
ways. There are three common styles: full frame, half frame,
and frameless. Full frame glasses have the frame go all
around the lenses. Half frames go around only half the lens,
typically the frames attach to the top of the lenses and on
the side near the top. Frameless glasses have no frame
around the lenses and the ear stems are attached directly to
the lenses. There are two styles of frameless glasses: those
that have a piece of frame material connecting the two
lenses together, and those that are a single lens with ear
stems on each side.
Some sports-oriented sunglasses have interchangeable lens
options. Lenses can be easily removed and swapped with a
different lens, usually a different coloured lens. The
purpose of this is to allow the wearer to easily change
lenses when light conditions or activities change. The
reason for this is because the cost of a set of lenses is
less than the cost of a separate pair of glasses and
carrying extra lenses is less bulky than carrying multiple
pairs of glasses. It also allows easy replacement of a set
of lenses if they are damaged. The most common type of
sunglasses with interchangeable lenses have a single lens or
shield that covers both eyes. Styles that use two lenses
also exist, but are less common.
Nose Bridge
Nose bridges allow support between the lens and the face.
Nose bridges also prevent pressure marks caused by the
weight of the lens or frame on the cheeks. People with large
noses may need a low nose bridge on their sunglasses. People
with medium noses may need a low or medium nose bridge.
People with small noses may need sunglasses with high nose
bridges to allow clearance.
Fashion
[edit] Oversized sunglasses
Oversized sunglasses ,which were fashionable in the 1980s,
are now often used for humorous purposes, and look like a
pair of sunglasses that is extremely large for the face.
They usually come in bright colors with colored lenses and
can be purchased cheaply.
The singer Elton John would sometimes wear oversized
sunglasses on stage in the mid 1970's as part of his Captain
Fantastic stage act.
Over recent years however, moderately oversized sunglasses
have become a fashion trend. There are many variations, such
as the 'Onassis', discussed below, and Dior white
sunglasses.
Onassis glasses
Onassis glasses or "Jackie O's" are very large sunglasses
worn by women. This style of sunglasses is said to mimic the
kind most famously worn by Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis in the
1960s. The glasses continue to be popular with women, and
celebrities may use these to hide from paparazzi.
Mirrorshades
Main article: Mirrorshades (fashion)
Mirrorshades are sunglasses with a mirrored coating on the
surface. Their popularity with police officers in the United
States has earned them the nickname "cop shades". The two
most popular styles for these are dual lenses set in metal
frames (which are often confused with Aviators), and
"Wraparound" (a single, smooth, semi-circular lens that
covers both eyes and much of the same area of the face
covered by protective goggles, combined with a minimal
plastic frame and single piece of plastic serving as a
nosepiece). Wraparound sunglasses are also quite popular in
the world of extreme sports.
Aviators are sunglasses with an oversized teardrop-shaped
lens and thin metal frames. This design first appeared in
1936 by Ray-Ban for issue to U.S. military aviators. Their
popularity with pilots, military and law enforcement
personnel in the United States has never wavered. As a
fashion statement, models of aviator sunglasses are often
made in mirrored, colored, degregated, and wrap-around
styles. In addition to pilots, Aviator-style sunglasses
gained popularity with young people in the late 1960s and
continued to be very popular with only a brief fall in
demand during the 1990s.
Wayfarers
Main article: Ray-Ban Wayfarer
First introduced by Ray-Ban, the Wayfarer design popularized
since the 1950s by Hollywood celebrities such as James Dean
is thought to be the bestselling sunglasses design to
date[citation needed].
Teashades
Teashades' (sometimes also called "John Lennon glasses" or
"Ozzy Glasses", after Ozzy Osbourne') were a type of
Psychedelic art wire-rim sunglasses that were often worn,
usually for purely aesthetic reasons, by members of the
1960s drug counterculture, as well as by opponents of
segregation.[citation needed] Rock stars such as Mick
Jagger, John Lennon, Jerry Garcia,and Ozzy Osbourne, all
wore teashades. The original teashade design was made up of
medium-sized, perfectly round lenses, supported by pads on
the bridge of the nose and a thin wire frame. When teashades
became popular in the late 1960s, they were often
elaborated; lenses were elaborately colored, mirrored, and
degregated, produced in excessively large sizes, and with
the wire earpieces exaggerated. A uniquely-colored or
darkened glass lens was usually preferred. Modern versions
tend to have plastic lenses as do many other sunglasses.
Teashades are rare to find in shops today however can be
found at many costume websites and different countries.
The term has now fallen into disuse, although references can
still be found in literature of the time. Teashades are
briefly referenced during a police training seminar in
Hunter S. Thompson's Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas.
'Teashades' also was used to describe glasses worn to hide
the effects of marijuana (conjunctival injection) or
'bloodshot' eyes or the effects of opiates such as heroin
(pupillary constriction).
The glasses worn by Seraph in the Matrix films are
Teashades. Ban Mido (GetBackers) and Basara Nekki (Macross
7) are almost never seen without their purple-lensed
teashades. Former professional wrestler Bret Hart is also
known for wearing teashades at live and televised
appearances during his wrestling career.
Tim Roth also favours teashade sunglasses.
Glacier Glasses
Sometimes called glacier goggles: sunglasses with leather
blinders at the sides that protect the eyes by blocking the
sun's rays around the edges of the lenses. Typically, these
have very dark round lenses. Because they provide extra
protection from bright sun and light reflected by snow and
ice, they are often used when mountain climbing, or
traveling across glaciers or snowfields.
Faded/ Graduated Lenses
The Faded lenses refer to the fade in which sunlight is
blocked from ones face. For example there will be more
protection from sunlight the higher you look on the lens but
the farther one looks down the less protection one gets. The
fashion advantage is that one can wear them inside and not
fear tripping over something and also allowing the user to
see. Wearing sunglasses to nightclubs has become common in
recent times, where the faded lens comes in handy. The
Independent (London), has also referred to these style of
sunglasses as the Murphy Lens.[12]
Fashion
Other names for sunglasses
There are also various words referring to eyepieces with
darkened lenses:
Glares is a term popular in India if the glass is dark. If
it is light then Coolers
Sun spectacles is a term used by some opticians.
Spekkies is a term used predominantly in southern Australia.
Sun specs (also sunspecs) is the shortened form of the above
term.
Sunglass a monocle version.[citation needed]
Sun-shades can also refer to the sun-shading eyepiece-type,
although the term is not exclusive to these. Also in use is
the derivative abbreviation, shades.
Dark glasses (also preceded by pair of) - generic term in
common usage.
Sunnies is Australian and New Zealand Slang
Specs is a common name for sunglasses in North America.
Smoked spectacles usually refers to the darkened eyepieces
worn by blind people.
Solar Shields Usually refers to the models of sunglasses
with large lenses.
Stunna shades Used as a slang term in the hyphy movement,
usually referring to sunglasses with oversized lenses.
Shades
Hater blockers
Locs (also maddoggers) is a term for very dark lensed
sunglasses.
Bono's This refers to the lead singer in U2 often seen
wearing sunglasses
Gecks is Scottish slang for glasses or sunglasses.
Notes and references
^ Pliny the Elder, The Natural History, Book XXXVII, Ch. 16
^ Ament, Phil (2006-12-04). "Sunglasses History - The
Invention of Sunglasses". The Great Idea Finder. Vaunt
Design Group. Retrieved on 2007-06-28.
^ Sakamoto Y, Sasaki K, Kojima M, Sasaki H, Sakamoto A,
Sakai M, Tatami A. "The effects of protective eyewear on
glare and crystalline lens transparency. Dev Ophthalmol.
2002;35:93-103. PMID 12061282.
^ a b Cancer Council Australia; Centre for Eye Research
Australia.http://www.cancer.org.au/documents/Pos_St_Eye_Protection_AUG05.pdf
"Position Statement: Eye Protection"]
^ Leow YH, Tham SN. "UV-protective sunglasses for UVA
irradiation protection." Int J Dermatol. 1995
Nov;34(11):808-10. PMID 8543419.
^ Sunglasses and fashion spectacles—April 2003
^ wcbstv.com - Some Sunglasses Are Cheap In Price Only
^ Glazer-Hockstein C, Dunaief JL. "Could blue light-blocking
lenses decrease the risk of age-related macular
degeneration?" Retina. 2006 Jan;26(1):1-4. PMID 16395131
^ Margrain TH, Boulton M, Marshall J, Sliney DH. "Do blue
light filters confer protection against age-related macular
degeneration?" Prog Retin Eye Res. 2004 Sep;23(5):523-31.
PMID 15302349
^ Clinical and Experimental Optometry
^ American Academy of Ophthalmology. "Information from Your
Eye M.D.: Sunglasses." November 2003.
^
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20000528/ai_n14317163
Fullspectrumeyewear.com has been selling glasses and goggles
since 1991. We have a full line of tv sunglasses and movie
sunglasses. We are developing a search form for "from the
movie" glasses. We currently carry a large selection of
celebrity sunglasses including matrix glasses and matrix
sunglasss from the movie The Matrix. In that line up you'll
find neo glasses, trinity sunglasses and morpheous
sunglasses. They were wildly popular just after the movie
and have maintained a fairly strong demand and continue to
be popular, especially in Europe.
Recent movies have depicted 1970's style Aviators Cop
Glasses and brought their popularity up as well. Aviator
Sunglasses of all sorts have come back in fashion in recent
months. Another catagory that we are working on developing
is out nascar sunglasses and racing goggles. A.J. foyt,
mario andretti and other famous drivers have been seen
sporting various sunglasses. We are currently gearing up
daytona sunglasses and official nascar sunglasses as well as
racetrack glasses and racing goggles to complete our
adrenaline rush adventure sunglasses line. For the outdoor
sports enthusiast, we are working on air jacket alpine
Global vision sunglasses and polarized glacier goggles. For
the biker, we are creating a line of more colorful, mirrored
goggles similar to our bandit goggles and our big ben kit
goggles. The big ben kit features two changeable lenses for
a complete interchangeable lens goggle set with smoke and
clear lens. The interchangeable lens goggle kit is also
available in changeable smoke lens and yellow lens goggle
with an adjustable strap and clip case for convenience and
versatility. The boss kit c-2 bi-focal c-200 kit is no
longer available. Womens sunglasses are another caregory
that is in the works to be improved. For women we have a
petite line. It features womens goggles, womens padded
glasses, womens interchangeable lens goggles and small
womens eyewear.
Polarized sunglasses have been popular for years with
boaters and fishermen who need to reduce reflected glare
from the water surrounding them.
But now that many others who spend time outdoors have
discovered the benefits of polarized lenses, interest in
these types of sunglasses has soared.
Besides boaters, outdoor enthusiasts who benefit the most
from polarized sunglasses include skiers, bikers, golfers
and joggers, all who may enjoy a clearer view along with
elimination of glare.
These sunglasses can be used for driving and, in fact, can
reduce glare from a long, flat surface such as the hood of
the car or the road's surface.
Polarized sunglasses also can be worn indoors by
light-sensitive people, including post-cataract surgery
patients and those continually exposed to bright light
through windows.
How Do Polarized Lenses Work?
Light reflected from surfaces such as a flat road or smooth
water is generally horizontally polarized. This means that,
instead of light being scattered in all directions in more
usual ways, reflected light generally travels in a more
horizontally oriented direction. This creates an annoying
and sometimes dangerous intensity of light that we
experience as glare.
Polarized lenses contain a special filter that blocks this
type of intense reflected light, reducing glare.
Though polarized sunglasses improve comfort and visibility,
there are some instances when these lenses may not be
advisable. One example is downhill skiing, where you don't
want to block light reflecting off icy patches because this
alerts skiers to hazards they are approaching.
In addition, polarized lenses may reduce the visibility of
images produced by liquid crystal displays (LCDs) found on
the dashboards of some cars or in other places such as the
digital screens on automatic teller (bank) machines.
With polarized lenses, you also may be unable to see your
cell phone or GPS device. Boaters and pilots also have
reported similar problems when viewing LCD displays on
instrument panels, which can be a crucial issue when it
comes to making split-second decisions based strictly on
information displayed on a panel.
Polarized sunglasses cut glare so your eyes are comfortable
and you can see better.However, for most other sports and
activities, polarized sunglasses offer great advantages. And
today, many polarized lenses are available in combination
with other features that can enhance outdoor experiences.
Polarized bifocal sunglasses or progressive lenses are
examples of options for the presbyope who also likes outdoor
sports.
And polarized photochromic lenses, which change from dark
outside to light inside, may be right for the
light-sensitive person who frequently is in and out of the
sun on any given day.
As always Fullspectrumeyewear.com will have a complete line
of Airfoil Sunglasses and Motorcycle Sunglasses. We will
continue to provide discount Pacific Coast Sunglasses as
well.
Our most popular Airfoil 9300 Polarized goggles and our
Airfoil 4520 9000 8010 7617 9110 will remain at our extra
low prices to keep them affordable.
Due to the disconued status of American Chopper Sunglasses
Big Paul Senior Blue glasses, we have stocked up. We will
continue to offer these popular styles as long as we can.
For those who enjoy designer looks without the designer
price tag, look at our Angelina Jolie sunglasses, Britany
Spears glasses, Madonna sunglasses, Axel Rose sunglasses and
John Belushi glasses.
Pilots and Bike riders, have you seen our Anti-Glare
Sunglasses and Polarized Sunglasses? These categories can be
found on our home page at
http://www.fullspectrumeyewear.com.
Aqua Sphere Swim Goggles Swimming Goggles and Swim Mask from
Speedo, TYR, Leader, & Aqua Sphere We have swim goggles
for
automatically transition to dark outside and clear indoors
and block 100% of harmful UV rays photochromic lenses,
transitions lenses,